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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. It has had a devastating effect on the world’s demographics resulting in the death of millions worldwide.

As the coronavirus continues to cause illness and death around the world, vaccines are seen as one of the best ways to stop it.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the currently available corona vaccines in Iraq (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) and the protection provided by existing antibodies which formed due to vaccination.

This cross-sectional study was done on Iraqi individuals attending Coronavirus vaccination center in Baghdad.

206 asymptomatic Iraqi individuals, 86 (42%) males and 120 (58%) females, aged 16-80 year, were willing to participate. The participants were tested, before vaccination, by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT- PCR), and were enrolled in this study when tested negative.

Each participant had one of the three currently available vaccines in Iraq (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm).

Data including age, sex and type of vaccines were recorded for each participant. The participants were followed up for nearly a year (from 6 February to 17 December 2022) to check for covid-19 infection and antibody existance.

In this study, Pfizer vaccine was found to be 73% effective against infection, as 27% of the vaccinated participants were infected with coronavirus; 19 male and 16 females.

AstraZeneca vaccine was found to be 64% effective against infection as 36% of the vaccinated participants were infected with coronavirus; 7 male and 4 females Sinopharm vaccine was found to be 78% effective against infection as 22% of the vaccinated participants were infected with coronavirus; 6 males and 4 females.

The results of this study indicate that Sinopharm vaccine was more effective than Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines, as the infection rate was lower and the period of infection after vaccination was longer.

Most of the infected patients had antibody titer at time of infection, which indicates that existing antibody did not provide complete protection against infection.

Although females were the most participants, in this study, males were the most infected.

The age of the participants did not affect the rate of infection.

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