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Abstract

Despite the discovery of many new antibiotics, bacteria over time develop the ability to resist these antibiotics, a total of one hundred and seventy-three samples of different bacterial isolates of bacteria (158 isolates, and 15 isolates are not cultured) were taken from different patients in Iraqi Kurdistan hospitals from May 2021 to September 2021. Bacteria were isolated from a vaginal swab, a urine sample and ear swab samples from two patients with otitis media. Bacterial susceptibility to biofilm formation was examined. An antibiotic susceptibility test was examined for all bacterial isolates for thirty-one antibiotics. Where it was found that out of the complete of one hundred and sixty-eight patients, it was found that women are less susceptible than men. The bacteria that were isolated from the patients, the gram-positive bacteria were more isolated than the gram-negative bacteria. Most of the isolated bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and biofilm formation.

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131

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