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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is a syndrome characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]. Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases more significant levels of non - esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro -inflammatory cytokines, and other substances involved in establishing insulin resistance [IR]. The link between body mass index [BMI] and diabetes and IR is substantial. This study assessed the effect of obesity and insulin resistance in Iraqi diabetic patients. The objective is to assess the impact of IR on the degree of obesity in Iraqis with T2DM. We conducted a casecontrol study on 180 participants [ 99 female /81males] between the ages of 30 and 60, from December 1, 2021 , to February 28 , 2022. In addition, the subjects [control and Cases] were categorized based on their weight:average weight, overweight, obesity, and marked obesity. All documented subjects provided informed consent to WHO guidelines. We examined the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], HbA1c, fasting blood glucose [FBG], lipid profile, and BMI. The case group had significantly higher levels of FBG, HbA1c, cholesterol [CHO.], triglyceride [TG], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and IR than the control group [P = 0.001], but there was no significant difference between the two groups in high- density lipoprotein [HDL] levels. Recent research shows that a higher BMI makes insulin less sensitive and worsens IR, leading to T2DM.

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